Focus groups & contextual inquiry

Survey data tells you what is elevated. Prior Work tells you how it impacts health and wellbeing outcomes. Focus groups tell you why - the conditions, practices, and decisions behind the pattern. Each are necessary for effective action.

Why quantitative data alone isn't enough

Elevated role overload could mean insufficient headcount, poor work allocation, unclear priorities, or a mismatch between the role and the work. Each has a different solution. Structured consultation is how you tell them apart.

It also serves a participatory function: workers consulted in identifying a hazard are more likely to support the actions that follow.

Inquiry questions to explore

Starting points for the conversation, grouped by hazard - adapt them to the priority hazards in your own results. Print these as facilitator cards, or open the full guide below.

Role demands (overload, ambiguity, conflict)
  1. 1.When does work feel unmanageable? What's usually happening at those times?
  2. 2.Are there things you're asked to do that conflict with each other or with how you think the work should be done?
  3. 3.Is it clear what success looks like in your role? If not, what's missing?
Job control
  1. 1.To what extent do you feel you can make decisions about how you do your work?
  2. 2.Are there aspects of your job where you feel you have little say? What are they?
  3. 3.When you raise concerns or suggestions about how things are done, what happens?
Support (supervisor, co-worker)
  1. 1.When you're under pressure or struggling with something, where do you go for help?
  2. 2.How does your manager respond when you raise a problem? What would 'good support' look like?
  3. 3.How would you describe the level of support within your immediate team?
Recognition and fairness
  1. 1.Do you feel that good work is noticed and acknowledged here? Can you give an example?
  2. 2.When decisions are made that affect your team, do you feel they're made fairly? What makes the difference?
  3. 3.Are there situations where people feel the rules are applied differently to different people?

Internal or external facilitator?

A judgement call based on your circumstances:

Open and honest feedback: If the survey flagged concerns close to the facilitator (leadership trust, management support), participants may be less candid internally. An external facilitator removes that dynamic.
Seriousness of the issues: If results suggest bullying, harassment, or significant interpersonal conflict, an external facilitator experienced in sensitive conversations is worth it.
Availability, time, and cost: An internal HR or P&C professional outside the group's reporting line can run effective groups - often the practical choice at scale.

Practical note: Prior Work has no licence fees - resources that would have gone to data analysis can fund a professional facilitator instead. The downloadable guide below briefs an external facilitator on the design and your objectives.

Design your focus groups (full guide)

The detail that used to sit on this page - recruitment and sampling, logistics, the full 90-minute run sheet, analysis, and alternatives to focus groups - now lives in one downloadable guide you can print, adapt, and share with whoever runs the sessions.

What's next

Note: Focus group findings feed directly into the Action Planning page, where each insight maps to a control using the hierarchy of controls. Bring the themes, the consultation guide, and the report's recommendations together in one place.